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History of medicine in the Philippines
The history of medicine in the Philippines discusses the folk medicinal practices and the medical applications used in Philippine society from the prehistoric times before the Spaniards were able to set a firm foothold on the islands of the Philippines for over 300 years, to the transition from Spanish rule to fifty-year American colonial embrace of the Philippines, and up to the establishment of the Philippine Republic of the present. Although according to Dr. José Policarpio Bantug in his book ''A Short History of Medicine in the Philippines During The Spanish Regime, 1565-1898'' there were "no authentic monuments have come down to us that indicate with some certainty early medical practices" regarding the "beginnings of medicine in the Philippines" a historian from the United States named Edward Gaylord Borne described that the Philippines became "ahead of all the other European colonies" in providing healthcare to ill and invalid people during the start of the 17th century, a time period when the Philippines was a colony of Spain. From the 17th and 18th centuries, there had been a "state-of-the-art medical and pharmaceutical science" developed by Spanish friars based on Filipino ''curanderos'' (''curandero'' being a Spanish term for a Filipino "folk therapist") that was "unique to the () islands."〔
The ''babaylans'' were the first healers within the tribal communities of ancient Philippines. Later emerged folk doctors and the training and deployment of true medical practitioners as can be seen in the progression of Philippine history. At present, medical personnel trained based on Western medicine - such as Filipino nurses, physicians, physical therapists, pharmacists, surgeons among others - coexists with the still thriving group of traditional healers that do not have formal education in scientific medicine who often cater to people living in impoverished areas of the Philippines.〔
==Folk medicine==
There are ten categories of non-medical traditional healers or folk doctors in the Philippines: the ''babaylan'' ("religious leader"), ''albularyo'', the ''manghihilot'' or ''hilot'' (the traditional "massage therapists"), the ''magpapaanak'' (the traditional "midwife", also sometimes called a ''hilot''), the ''mangluluop'', the ''manghihila'', the ''mangtatawas'', the ''mediko'', the faith healer, the local shaman healers (such as those that are from the Cordilleras). Most folk healers in Philippines believe that their "medicinal" and healing skills come from a supernatural being or given to them by God. Their practice and methods of curing ailments involves superstitions, recitation of prayers and religious rituals accompanied by the mediation of the Holy Spirit,〔 herbology, hydrotherapy, massage therapy, and divination.〔 Although often found active in rural communities, traditional Filipino healers can also be found in small urban and suburban neighborhoods. During Spanish times in the Philippines, the Spaniards refer to folk doctors or traditional as ''mediquillos'' ("herbal scientists"), ''herbolarios'', and sometimes as "superstitious quacks". They were even called by the Spaniards simply as ''matanda'' (the "elder").〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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